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Titan IIIE | Viking 2

Lockheed Martin | United States of America
Cape Canaveral SFS, FL, USA
Sept. 9, 1975, 6:39 p.m.
Status: Launch Successful
Mission:

The Viking 2 mission was part of the American Viking program to Mars, and consisted of an orbiter and a lander essentially identical to that of the Viking 1 mission. The Viking 2 lander operated on the surface for 1316 days, or 1281 sols, and was turned off on April 11, 1980 when its batteries failed. The orbiter worked until July 25, 1978, returning almost 16,000 images in 706 orbits around Mars.

Heliocentric N/A
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N-I | Kiku-1

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries | Japan
Tanegashima Space Center, Japan
Sept. 9, 1975, 5:30 a.m.
Status: Launch Successful
Mission:

Japanese experimental satellite

Low Earth Orbit
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Molniya-M | Molniya-2 14

Russian Space Forces | Russia
Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russian Federation
Sept. 9, 1975, 12:19 a.m.
Status: Launch Successful
Mission:

Government communications satellite.

Elliptical Orbit
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Soyuz U | Yantar-2K 3

Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS) | Russia
Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russian Federation
Sept. 5, 1975, 2:49 p.m.
Status: Launch Successful
Mission:

High-resolution film-return Yantar reconnaissance satellite

Low Earth Orbit
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Molniya-M | Molniya-1 31

Russian Space Forces | Russia
Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russian Federation
Sept. 2, 1975, 1:09 p.m.
Status: Launch Successful
Mission:

The Molniya were Soviet communication satellites operating from an inclined highly elliptical earth orbit of 500 km × 40000 km with 12 hour period for coverage of high northern latitudes.

Elliptical Orbit
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Voskhod | Zenit-4MK 49

Soviet Space Program | Russia
Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russian Federation
Aug. 27, 1975, 2:45 p.m.
Status: Launch Successful
Mission:

High resolution optical reconnaissance satellite of the Vostok-based Zenit family.

Low Earth Orbit
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Delta 2914 | Symphonie 2

McDonnell Douglas | United States of America
Cape Canaveral SFS, FL, USA
Aug. 27, 1975, 1:42 a.m.
Status: Launch Successful
Mission:

French-German geostationary communications satellite

Geostationary Orbit
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Vostok 8A92M | Tselina-D 8

RKK Energiya | Russia
Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russian Federation
Aug. 22, 1975, 2:10 a.m.
Status: Launch Successful
Mission:

Tselina-D satellites provided detailed observation of radio sources detected by the smaller Tselina-O satellites as part of the Tselina ELINT system.

Low Earth Orbit
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Titan IIIE | Viking 1

Lockheed Martin | United States of America
Cape Canaveral SFS, FL, USA
Aug. 20, 1975, 9:22 p.m.
Status: Launch Successful
Mission:

Viking 1 was the first of two spacecraft (along with Viking 2) sent to Mars as part of NASA's Viking program. On July 20, 1976, it became the first spacecraft to land successfully on Mars and perform its mission. Viking 1 held the record for the longest Mars surface mission of 2307 days or 2245 sols until that record was broken by Opportunity on May 19, 2010.

Heliocentric N/A
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Kosmos-3M | Parus 3

Russian Space Forces | Russia
Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russian Federation
Aug. 14, 1975, 1:29 p.m.
Status: Launch Successful
Mission:

Navigation satellite providing location information for the Tsiklon-B navigation system

Low Earth Orbit
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