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Little Joe | LJ-1B

North American Aviation | United States of America
Wallops Flight Facility, Virginia, USA
Jan. 21, 1960, 2:23 p.m.
Status: Launch Successful
Mission:

The Little Joe 1B was a suborbital launch escape system test of the Mercury spacecraft, conducted as part of the U.S. Mercury program. The mission also carried a female rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) named Miss Sam in the Mercury spacecraft.

Suborbital
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Little Joe | LJ-2

North American Aviation | United States of America
Wallops Flight Facility, Virginia, USA
Dec. 4, 1959, 4:20 p.m.
Status: Launch Successful
Mission:

The Little Joe 2 was a suborbital test flight of the Mercury space capsule, carrying the rhesus monkey Sam close to the edge of space. He was sent to test the space equipment and the adverse effects of space on humans.

Suborbital
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Atlas-Able | P-3

Convair | United States of America
Cape Canaveral SFS, FL, USA
Nov. 26, 1959, 7:26 a.m.
Status: Launch Failure
Mission:

The Pioneer P-1, -3, -30 and -31 series was intended to be a lunar orbiter probe, but the mission failed shortly after launch. The objectives were to place a highly instrumented probe in lunar orbit, to investigate the environment between the Earth and Moon, and to develop technology for controlling and maneuvering spacecraft from Earth.

Lunar Orbit
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Thor Agena A | Discoverer 8

McDonnell Douglas | United States of America
Vandenberg SFB, CA, USA
Nov. 20, 1959, 7:25 p.m.
Status: Launch Successful
Mission:

The KH-1 (Keyhole-1) was the first attempt in the Corona-program to build an optical reconnaissance satellite. These satellites were all launched under the name Discoverer.

Low Earth Orbit
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Thor Agena A | Discoverer 7

McDonnell Douglas | United States of America
Vandenberg SFB, CA, USA
Nov. 7, 1959, 8:28 p.m.
Status: Launch Successful
Mission:

The KH-1 (Keyhole-1) was the first attempt in the Corona-program to build an optical reconnaissance satellite. These satellites were all launched under the name Discoverer.

Low Earth Orbit
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Little Joe | LJ-1A

North American Aviation | United States of America
Wallops Flight Facility, Virginia, USA
Nov. 4, 1959, 2:30 p.m.
Status: Launch was a Partial Failure
Mission:

Little Joe 1A (LJ-1A) was an unmanned rocket launched as part of NASA's Mercury program on November 4, 1959. This flight, a repeat of the Little Joe 1 (LJ-1) launch, was to test a launch abort under high aerodynamic load conditions. Due to a delayed in the escape motor startup, the abort maneuver was not accomplished at the desired dynamic pressure, requiring a repeat of the test.

Suborbital
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Juno II | Explorer 7

Army Ballistic Missile Agency | United States of America
Cape Canaveral SFS, FL, USA
Oct. 13, 1959, 3:30 p.m.
Status: Launch Successful
Mission:

Explorer 7 was designed to measure solar x-ray and Lyman-alpha flux, trapped energetic particles, and heavy primary cosmic rays. Secondary objectives included collecting data on micrometeoroid penetration, molecular sputtering and studying the Earth-atmosphere heat balance.

Low Earth Orbit
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Little Joe | LJ-6

North American Aviation | United States of America
Wallops Flight Facility, Virginia, USA
Oct. 4, 1959, 10 a.m.
Status: Launch was a Partial Failure
Mission:

The Little Joe 6 was a launch escape system test of the Mercury spacecraft, conducted as part of the U.S. Mercury program.

Suborbital
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Vostok-L 8K72 | Luna-3

Energia | Russia
Baikonur Cosmodrome, Republic of Kazakhstan
Oct. 4, 1959, 12:43 a.m.
Status: Launch Successful
Mission:

Luna 3 was a Soviet spacecraft and was the first ever mission to photograph the far side of the moon.

Lunar flyby
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Vanguard | Vanguard III

Lockheed Martin | United States of America
Cape Canaveral SFS, FL, USA
Sept. 18, 1959, 5:20 a.m.
Status: Launch Successful
Mission:

Vanguard 3 is a scientific satellite to measure the Earth's magnetic field, solar X-ray radiation and its effects on the Earth's atmosphere and the near-Earth micrometeoroid environment.

Medium Earth Orbit
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